Human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections significantly burden youth 13–24 years of age in the United States. Directly engaging youth in sexual health research is a public health priority and urgently needed to develop targeted, youth-friendly, and culturally relevant HIV/sti prevention interventions. Controversies arise, however, regarding informed assent and consent, parental permission or consent, and the definition of “child”/“minor” as it relates to medical, legal, and ethical issues. In this article, we describe challenges in the human subjects review (...) processes that were undertaken before beginning an HIV/sti prevention research project with sexually active youth in an urban setting. These findings provide important contextual information to facilitate youth sexual health research and care, and Institutional Review Board approval processes with fewer delays. (shrink)

Fear is a common and potentially distressful psychological response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The factors associated with such fear remains relatively unstudied among older adults. We investigated if fear of COVID-19 could be associated with a combination of psychological factors such as anxiety and depressive symptoms, and risk perception of COVID-19, and demographic factors in a community sample of older adults. Older adults (N= 413,Mage= 69.09 years,SD= 5.45) completed measures of fear of COVID-19, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and risk (...) perception of COVID-19, during a COVID-19 lockdown. These variables, together with demographics, were fitted to a structural equation model. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were highly correlated with each other and were combined into the higher order latent variable of affective symptoms for analyses. The final model revealed that fear of COVID-19 was positively associated with psychological factors of affective symptoms and risk perception. Older age was associated with greater fear of COVID-19. Our findings showed that fear of COVID-19 can be a projection of pre-existing affective symptoms and inflated risk perceptions and highlighted the need to address the incorrect risk perceptions of COVID-19 and socio-affective issues among older adults in the community. (shrink)

El 26 de marzo de 2021 se realizó el panel virtual “Memoria, género y activismo. Resistencia a la dictadura y lucha por el aborto legal”. El evento fue organizado por Emilio Crenzel y Daniele Salerno en el marco del proyecto MEMORIGHTS - Memoria Cultural en el Activismo LGBT, con sede en la Universidad de Utrecht y en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, desarrollado dentro del programa Marie Sklodowska-Curie de la Unión Europea. El panel contó también con la colaboración del proyecto (...) del European Research Council "REACT - Remembering Activism" con sede en la Universidad de Utrecht (coordinadora Ann Rigney). Las participantes del panel fueron Elizabeth Jelin (CONICET - CIS-IDES) y Bárbara Sutton (SUNY – Albany) y estuvo coordinado por Emilio Crenzel (CONICET-UBA). (shrink)

Résumé Cet article retrace les changements multiples et rapides apparus au cours des quinze dernières années dans la théorisation des rapports entre sexe et genre. Il porte, en deuxième lieu, sur la réception, l’application et par-dessus tout la modification de ces théories par certains spécialistes de la production culturelle dans l’Europe médiévale, où la différence s’exprime sous des formes variées qui n’existent pas nécessairement dans les sociétés modernes. La déconstruction du système binaire masculin/féminin (qu’il soit considéré comme une différence sexuelle (...) ou de genre) fit son apparition parmi les penseuses féministes dans les années quatre-vingt dix et aboutit à la « queerisation » des discours universitaires en déstabilisant les étiquettes qui avaient été naturalisées, notamment l’identité genrée systématiquement attribuée à l’individu dans la société médiévale ou moderne. Nous montrerons que les théories queer et post-coloniale, loin d’être aux antipodes de la théorie féministe, en émanent et existent parallèlement à elle. Les partisans de chacune de ces théories s’intéressent aux forces sociétales, y compris notre propre discours, qui maintiennent la différence et créent des communautés d’oppression. Cependant, il est également nécessaire de soulever une question, à savoir quand se produira la prochaine rupture radicale et comment elle engendrera de nouvelles théories. (shrink)

‘‘COGNITIVE ECOLOGY’’ is a fruitful model for Shakespearian studies, early modern literary and cultural history, and theatrical history more widely. Cognitive ecologies are the multidimensional contexts in which we remember, feel, think, sense, communicate, imagine, and act, often collaboratively, on the fly, and in rich ongoing interaction with our environments. Along with the anthropologist Edwin Hutchins,1 we use the term ‘‘cognitive ecology’’ to integrate a number of recent approaches to cultural cognition: we believe these approaches offer productive lines of engagement (...) with early modern literary and historical studies.2 The framework arises out of our work in extended mind and distributed cognition.3 The extended mind hypothesis arose from a post-connectionist philosophy of cognitive science. This approach was articulated in Andy Clark’s Being There: Putting Brain, Body, and World Together Again, and further developed by Susan Hurley and Mark Rowlands, among others.4 The distributed cognition approach arose independently, from work in cognitive anthropology, HCI (Human-Computer Interaction), the sociology of education and work, and science studies. The principles of distributed cognition were articulated in Hutchins’s ethnography of navigation, Cogni- tion in the Wild,5 and developed by theorists such as David Kirsh and Lucy Suchman.6 These models share an anti-individualist approach to cognition. In all these views, mental activities spread or smear across the boundaries of skull and skin to include parts of the social and material world. In remembering, decision making, and acting, whether individually or in small groups, our complex and structured activities involve many distinctive dimensions: neural, affective, kines-. (shrink)

Parmi les nombreuses lettres de Pierre Teilhard, celles envoyées aux Bégouen, près d'une centaine, occupent une place privilégiée. C'est en 1913, avec la rencontre du comte Henri Bégouën, passionné de préhistoire, que commence la relation de Teilhard avec cette famille. Durant la guerre, cette relation s'ouvre à Max, le fils aîné, et, par la suite, à Simone, son épouse. Dans sa correspondance, Teilhard témoigne d'une amitié profonde et fidèle tout particulièrement à l'égard du couple, qu'il compte parmi ses intimes. En (...) toute liberté, il lui fait part du cheminement de sa pensée et de l'état d'avancement de ses écrits, il lui confie ses difficultés avec les autorités religieuses et prend position sur les courants politiques et idéologiques qui secouent la France et le monde. Grâce aux nombreux souvenirs rassemblés par Max et à quelques copies de ses lettres à Teilhard, se perçoit l'influence déterminante du jésuite sur sa vie et sur son activité professionnelle en Afrique. S'y révèle aussi la riche personnalité du couple qui a contribué au rayonnement de la pensée de Teilhard. Dès 1928, Simone reproduit et diffuse les essais envoyés de Chine par Teilhard. Initiative, peu connue jusqu'à présent, qui a facilité l'édition rapide des oeuvres complètes. En postface, quatre spécialistes de l'oeuvre de Teilhard, Jean-Pierre Demoulin, François Fuvé, Henri Madelin et Gustave Martelet, mettent en lumière l'apport de ces lettres à la compréhension de la personnalité et de la vision clu monde du jésuite. De cet ensemble, il ressort clairement que la pensée teilhardienne déborde des cercles scientifiques et peut éclairer les chrétiens soucieux de construire une société plus juste et plus fraternelle. Les éditions Lessius ont aussi publié la Correspondance de Pierre Teilhard avec Lucile Swan (2008) et Teilhard de Chardin prophète d'un Christ toujours plus grand de Gustave Martelet (2005). (shrink)

Je crois que le secret de la littérature est là, et qu’un livre n’est beau qu’habilement paré de l’indifférence des ruines. Il y a un mystère dans les phrases que chacun retient pour soi, ces phrases qui hantent ou soulèvent ; ces phrases auxquelles on revient ou qui plutôt reviennent, elles, comme reviennent les rêves et les chansons. Qu’elles ne soient pas communes à tous, sauf exceptions, à moins que l’institution ou quelque hasard les aient homologuées, qu’elles restent singulières et (...) bien cachées, devrait convaincre, mais de quoi ? Mon propos, Madeline Chalon, ou ce que je tenterai d’en faire, répondra d’autant mieux à votre invitation, qu’il prendra la forme d’une lettre, d’une réponse, d’un envoi. C’est à la fois naïf et prétentieux, mais depuis le début je ne peux me séparer de ce pari qui est bien plus qu’un désir, et moins qu’une facilité. Si j’en profite pour reprendre un motif – l’incitation – qui m’aura fait pas mal cavaler, c’est aussi pour l’éclaircir, une dernière fois, (...). (shrink)

El libro contiene doce lecciones dadas por el autor en la Universidad Central de Madrid en 1933. Ortega desarrolla el planteamiento de los problemas generales de la historia y de la "historiología". Analiza los acontecimientos que causaron el inicio y evolución del pensamiento moderno. La vida de Galileo, en su opinión, marca el inicio del imperio de la razón pura, que comienza con la "rebelión de las ciencias" frente al dominio precedente de la teología. Se hace un estudio del cristianismo (...) como forma de vida, su aparición, justificación histórica y desarrollo, hasta convertirse en el elemento central de la cultura occidental. El autor analiza el cristianismo al margen de la fe y de cualquier dimensión sobrenatural, lo que le lleva a tratar la religión como una más entre las teorías filosóficas existentes. Ortega considera equivocadamente que la base del cristianismo es el reconocimiento de la nulidad del hombre y de la naturaleza. La verdadera línea de desarrollo de la filosofía cristiana --marcada, según él, por Duns Scoto, Eckhart y Nicolás Cusano--, desemboca necesariamente en una completa ruptura entre la fe y la razón. La doctrina de Santo Tomás habría supuesto, en cambio, una deformación del cristianismo, un intento de "racionalizar la fe" mediante la introducción del aristotelismo en el estudio de la teología. (shrink)

Foundational issues in statistical mechanics and the more general question of how probability is to be understood in the context of physical theories are both areas that have been neglected by philosophers of physics. This book fills an important gap in the literature by providing a most systematic study of how to interpret probabilistic assertions in the context of statistical mechanics. The book explores both subjectivist and objectivist accounts of probability, and takes full measure of work in the foundations of (...) probability theory, in statistical mechanics, and in mathematical theory. It will be of particular interest to philosophers of science, physicists and mathematicians interested in foundational issues, and also to historians of science. (shrink)

A Schrödinger-like relativistic wave equation of motion for the Lorentz-scalar potential is formulated based on a Lagrangian formalism of relativistic mechanics with a scaled time as the evolution parameter. Applications of this Schrödinger-like formalism for the Lorentz-scalar potential are given: For the square-step potential, the predictions of this formalism are free from the Klein paradox, and for the Coulomb potential, this formalism yields the exact bound-state eigenenergies and eigenfunctions.

Medical paternalism has long been a common medical practice. However, patient autonomy in healthcare has been recently adopted by doctors and patients alike. This study explored whether doctors and patients in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia preferred autonomy or paternalism in shared decision‐making. A total of 118 participants (51 patients requiring total knee replacement, owing to stages 3–4 of osteoarthritis, and 67 doctors) from the Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. responded to a 17‐question category‐based questionnaire involving four scales of (...) autonomy. Descriptive statistics and chi‐square test results revealed that in this hospital, patients preferred a paternalistic approach toward their medical care along with a full disclosure of the risks related to surgical procedures. We recommend health education regarding the specific autonomy subscales (doctor knows best, patient should decide, right to non‐participation, and obligatory risk information), and the implementation of protocols that protect patients' rights and enhance personal autonomy. (shrink)

The article questions the assumption that conjoined twins are necessarily two people or persons by employing arguments based on different points of view: non-personal vitalism, the person as a sentient being, the person as an agent, the person as a locus of narrative and valuation, and the person as an embodied mind. Analogies employed from the cases of amputation, multiple personality disorder, abortion, split-brain patients and cloning. The article further questions the assumption that a conjoined twin's natural interest and wish (...) is separation. I first contend that separation is such a radical procedure as to render the post-separation person different from the pre-separation one. Therefore, it is not possible to benefit the pre-separation twin by the act of separation. The article concludes with a critical evaluation of the tendency in bioethics to regard ethical challenges as rivalry between individuals competing for scarce resources. (shrink)

Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokullarda görev yapan DKAB öğretmenlerinin, AÖD tekniklerini kullanma düzeylerini belirlemek, uygulamada karşılaşılan sorunları tespit etmek ve bu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerinde bulunmaktır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2014–2015 eğitim öğretim yılında Sivas il merkezine bağlı ortaokullarda görev yapan 147 Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Evreni oluşturan 147 öğretmenin tümüne ulaşılması hedeflenmiş, ancak 120’sine ulaşılabilmiştir. Buna göre hedef kitleye ulaşma oranı % 81,63’tür. Ayrıca evren içerisinden rastgele seçilen 10 öğretmenle de görüşme yapılmıştır. Öğretmenlere uygulanan anketten hem nicel hem de (...) nitel veriler elde edilmiştir. Nicel verilerin analizinde, yüzde ve frekans kullanılarak tablolar hazırlanmış, tabloların altında ise açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde ise betimsel analiz teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde performans, proje, gözlem ve kavram haritası tekniklerinin kullanılma düzeylerinin diğer tekniklere göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin cinsiyet, yaş ve mezun olunan program özelliklerinin AÖD tekniklerini kullanma düzeylerini önemli ölçüde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. (shrink)

Memlükler döneminin büyük tarihçilerinden kabul edilen Makrîzî, Ehl-i beyt ve Hz. Ali evladı taraftarlığının yanı sıra Arap asabiyesine düşkünlüğü ve muhalif tavrıyla da tanınmaktadır. Tarihin çeşitli alanlarında eserler kaleme alan Makrîzî, bunlar arasında yer alan Kitâbü’s-Sülûk’te Abbâsî Devleti’ni de ana hatlarıyla ele almıştır. Onun buradaki tespit ve yorumları, bu devletin tarihine dair farklı bir bakışı da yansıttığından ele alınmaya değerdir. Zira Makrîzî, Abbâsî Devleti yıkıldıktan sonra bu hanedana mensup bazı kişilerin Mısır’a getirtilerek halife ilan edildiği ve toplumla ulemanın onlara büyük (...) hürmet ve teveccüh gösterdiği bir vasatta umumun görüşlerinin dışına çıkarak Abbâsîler’i tenkit etme cesaretini gösteren ilginç bir tarihçidir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Makrîzî’nin hayatı, kişiliği ve tarihçiliğine temas edilmiştir. Ulema ailesine mensup olması, aldığı iyi eğitim ve tarihçilik konusundaki müktesebatı özellikle vurgulanmıştır. Yine çalışmaya konu edilen kısmın yer aldığı Kitâbü’s-Sülûk de ana hatlarıyla tanıtılmıştır. Ardından eserin Abbâsîlerle ilgili kısmı ayrıntılı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiş ve müellifin diğer risale ve biyografi eserlerinde verdiği malumatla zenginleştirilmiştir. (shrink)

Two thought experiments are discussed which suggest, first, a geometric interpretation of the concept of a (say, vector) potential (i.e., as a kinematic quantity associated with a transformation between moving frames of reference suitably related to the problem) and, second, that, in a quantum treatment one should extend the notion of the equivalence principle to include not only the equivalence of inertial forces with suitable “real” forces, but also the equivalence of potentials of such inertial forces and the potentials of (...) suitable real forces. The two types of cancellation are physically independent of each other, because of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Finally, we show that the latter effect itself can be understood “geometrically” as a kinematic effect arising upon the transformation between the two reference frames. (shrink)

It is shown that the Lorentz-deformation property discussed in previous papers is consistent with the hadronic jet phenomenon in high-energy production processes.

Science can (also) be studied as responsible and rational human activity, guided and legitimated by its own normative system: a finite and ordered set of norms and values for agents in a given field of activity. Such norms of inquiry are needed for a rationality requirement of science, which also presupposes a partial agreement on (acceptance of, respect for) these norms between scientists and their social environment. The notions of scientific accountability, autonomy, and freedom of inquiry are elucidated by means (...) of an action-theoretic definition of science and by a certain use of the distinction between internal methodological) and external norms of science. (shrink)

The article focuses on the ideas of psychiatrist Sigmund Freud and his theories and ideas on human thought and desire. It is suggested that even though some consider Freud as a genius regarding ideas of the unconscious mind, others believe that it was just propaganda. Included in the article are opinions on many of Freud's ideas on dreams, personality, conflict, repressions and the unconscious. The author questions whether or not Freud's ideas will continue to be used in science in the (...) future in an attempt to understand the human psyche. (shrink)